Forums > General Industry > Nude vs Implied nude, when is the line crossed?

Photographer

Lumigraphics

Posts: 32780

Detroit, Michigan, US

The Beauty Of Light wrote:

Hey, I'm not accusing you - I don't know you from Adam - but there are plenty of photographers that have ended up being labelled as level pushers using that technique. Some models are uncertain, eager to please, concerned that they get paid their fee or just reluctant to say 'no' until it's too late by which time they've gone beyond their comfort zone. They then go home and agonise about what they 'allowed themselves' to do. Some time later another model tells them that the photographer took advantage of them and you end up with a label.

Best course of action is for the photographer to accept responsibility himself and make sure the shoot stays well within the model's known comfort zone.

As I said - not accusing you at all, just pointing out what could happen.

I'm not a mind reader- I have no idea what any model's "comfort zone" is. I expect a model to be a responsible adult and tell me clearly.

If a model went to the club and got talked into going home with some guy she just met and then agonized over it the next day, we'd all tell her to be an adult and accept responsibility for her actions. If she made an impulse purchase of an expensive pair of shoes that she really couldn't afford so her rent was late- her fault. If she stepped outside to smoke a doobie and got arrested- oops, should have known better. But if she takes off more clothing than she originally intended to, now it’s the photographer's fault? Riiiight.

Mar 13 11 12:49 pm Link

Photographer

Art of the nude

Posts: 12067

Grand Rapids, Michigan, US

wynnesome wrote:
There's just no hard and fast definition.  Ten people will tell you ten different things, and argue about it for pages to come in this thread.

All that matters is:
a) The limits agreed upon by a model and photographer for a particular shoot as to 'what shows' and how much is 'covered.'
b) The rules of any particular site, such as Model Mayhem, as to what content is allowed to be displayed in various site areas (portfolio, avatar, forums, etc).

This covers it (no pun intended). 

Shooting "Implied nude", or indeed shooting "nude" means what the photographer and model agree it does.  Posting on a given site means following that site's rules.

Mar 13 11 12:50 pm Link

Photographer

J O H N A L L A N

Posts: 12221

Los Angeles, California, US

I never heard the term 'implied nude' until OMP & MM. I always called it 'covered topless' (I rarely shoot full nudes - covered or otherwise).

John

Mar 13 11 12:54 pm Link

Photographer

P R E S T O N

Posts: 2602

Birmingham, England, United Kingdom

Mnemosyne Photography wrote:

And how do you do that if the model doesn't say no.

Well you could take the easy way out, like many photographers do, and not shoot any nudity of any kind with models that specify 'implied' only.

Or you could establish what a model's true comfort zone is prior to a shoot. Bear in mind that sometimes a model will say she'll do a certain thing but you can tell she's not really comfortable with it.

Mar 13 11 12:56 pm Link

Photographer

P R E S T O N

Posts: 2602

Birmingham, England, United Kingdom

Lumigraphics wrote:
I'm not a mind reader- I have no idea what any model's "comfort zone" is. I expect a model to be a responsible adult and tell me clearly.

If a model went to the club and got talked into going home with some guy she just met and then agonized over it the next day, we'd all tell her to be an adult and accept responsibility for her actions. If she made an impulse purchase of an expensive pair of shoes that she really couldn't afford so her rent was late- her fault. If she stepped outside to smoke a doobie and got arrested- oops, should have known better. But if she takes off more clothing than she originally intended to, now it’s the photographer's fault? Riiiight.

Nor do you care to know by the sound of it. Each to their own I guess. smile

Mar 13 11 12:59 pm Link

Model

HighMind9

Posts: 2519

Jacksonville, Florida, US

Mnemosyne Photography wrote:
Hmmm, I had hoped more models would jump in and respond.

I don't really care which way or the other...
I just make art and let others fight about the classification and nomenclature.

Mar 13 11 01:13 pm Link

Photographer

Lumigraphics

Posts: 32780

Detroit, Michigan, US

Lumigraphics wrote:
I'm not a mind reader- I have no idea what any model's "comfort zone" is. I expect a model to be a responsible adult and tell me clearly.

If a model went to the club and got talked into going home with some guy she just met and then agonized over it the next day, we'd all tell her to be an adult and accept responsibility for her actions. If she made an impulse purchase of an expensive pair of shoes that she really couldn't afford so her rent was late- her fault. If she stepped outside to smoke a doobie and got arrested- oops, should have known better. But if she takes off more clothing than she originally intended to, now it’s the photographer's fault? Riiiight.

The Beauty Of Light wrote:
Nor do you care to know by the sound of it. Each to their own I guess. smile

Sounding pretty white knight-ish there, and ignoring my statement in bold.

Mar 13 11 01:22 pm Link

Photographer

P R E S T O N

Posts: 2602

Birmingham, England, United Kingdom

Lumigraphics wrote:

Lumigraphics wrote:
I'm not a mind reader- I have no idea what any model's "comfort zone" is. I expect a model to be a responsible adult and tell me clearly.

If a model went to the club and got talked into going home with some guy she just met and then agonized over it the next day, we'd all tell her to be an adult and accept responsibility for her actions. If she made an impulse purchase of an expensive pair of shoes that she really couldn't afford so her rent was late- her fault. If she stepped outside to smoke a doobie and got arrested- oops, should have known better. But if she takes off more clothing than she originally intended to, now it’s the photographer's fault? Riiiight.

Sounding pretty white knight-ish there, and ignoring my statement in bold.

You're so predictable, made me smile. ;P

Mar 13 11 01:24 pm Link

Photographer

Rick Dupuis Photography

Posts: 6825

Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada

Silverwing Photography wrote:
Good comparison for Playboy vs Maxim, but if you are getting the Vagina it's either science or porn (since that's the inside, beyond the vulva).

Ypu just now someone is going to see this then message a model with, "I have this science project I need help with..."
wink

I have always been of the opinion, and most of the models I've worked wiht feel the same, is that even if the model is nude in the studio, if the finished photo doesn't actually show the girly parts (or 'my stuff' as one model called it) than it's implied. If it shows up in the finished phot, its nude.

But as someone else suggested, ten people, ten different answers

Mar 13 11 01:35 pm Link

Photographer

Four-Eleven Productions

Posts: 762

Fircrest, Washington, US

I prefer to share with the model, in advance of the shoot, several actual examples of images representing the types of shots I have in mind for our session. It's easier (and more honest, too) for her to decide her comfort level based on actual photographs rather than on informal nomenclature with no objective definition.

Mar 13 11 01:41 pm Link

Photographer

DG at studio47

Posts: 2365

East Ridge, Tennessee, US

the meaning of some words do not change, but the 'usage' is what changes.

A spade is a tool designed primarily for the purpose of digging or removing earth. in typography 'spade' refers to the shape of a symbol used in a suit of playing cards, but it is a reflection of the basic shape of a certain tool. In the urban dictionary, 'spade' has another 'definition' or 'usage' related to physical appearance/color that goes back to the playing card, but the word spade is still the description of a tool. It hasn't changed, but the usage has been modified for social slur.

NUDITY is "the state of wearing no clothing"
IMPLIED: "Strongly suggest the truth or existence of (something not expressly stated)."

To make an image of someone where they are 'covered' but 'could' be nude under a sheet or behind a barrier would be an 'implied nude'. A nude where there is no possibility of an article of clothing underneath the object [s] over the body is not implied. They HAVE to be be nude. In that situation you are not implying anything--they ARE nude. they are wearing no clothing and it is evident.

The only situation where nudity is not completely identified by observing the image would be the implied. Otherwise we can all use our brains and see what is in the image.

nude,implied nude, partial nude, fine art nude, full frontal nude as terms are mixed up and misused in describing what is seen in an image. They each have a definition in a dictionary and you can look up the words to understand, even if you have to search the definition of each word in a phrase, fine--art--nude.

sometimes you just have to hear or see what someone has spoken or written, then look at the image and correct their misuse of terminology for yourself.

what you SEE is what you get, although the words describing the image or portfolio may lead your brain in a different direction initially.

Someone said," I'm not sure what I like, but I know it when I see it"--or something like that. That is the bottom line. communication can sometimes clarify definitions, but an image is worth a thousand threads-LOL

Mar 13 11 01:55 pm Link

Photographer

DG at studio47

Posts: 2365

East Ridge, Tennessee, US

Four-Eleven Productions wrote:
I prefer to share with the model, in advance of the shoot, several actual examples of images representing the types of shots I have in mind for our session. It's easier (and more honest, too) for her to decide her comfort level based on actual photographs rather than on informal nomenclature with no objective definition.

best method IMHO in order to avoid the 'word game'. I have been asked to do a photoshoot with a lady who wants some 'sensual' images for her spouse. We will talk and we will look in inspirational files I keep [12,000+ images in 20+ designated albums] and get an exact clarification and some ideas to work from. Everyone should be happy with the results? I doubt it. Its human nature!

Mar 13 11 01:59 pm Link

Photographer

American Glamour

Posts: 38813

Detroit, Michigan, US

DG at studio47 wrote:
To make an image of someone where they are 'covered' but 'could' be nude under a sheet or behind a barrier would be an 'implied nude'. A nude where there is no possibility of an article of clothing underneath the object [s] over the body is not implied. They HAVE to be be nude. In that situation you are not implying anything--they ARE nude. they are wearing no clothing and it is evident.

This is why I chuckle when I read all of thes definitions.  People try to apply dictionary definitions which have absolutely nothing to do with why the phrase was coined.  The meaning of the term has morphed many times, but the dictionary has nothing to do with it.

In the 60's, the use of the term "implied nude" became popular in the waining days of the Hayes Commission.  For those of you too young to remember it, for a period, we had censors that reviewed things for the purpose of protecting children.  Actual nudity was an extreme rarity, until the Supreme Court decision which gave rise to the system of film ratings (then which were G, PG, R and X).

The media made a big deal of the term "implied nudity" for the sex symbols of the day.  They tried to outdo each other with the more and more scantilly clad shots and those which were actually nude, but in some way covered.  Implied nude actually mean nude, but the implication was that you were seeing more than you actually were.  "Implied Nude" was all about the "scandal factor."  In films, the actors were just about always, actually nude, so that there could be something made of it in the tabloids.  The naughty bits were always covered.

The term skewed for television since the actors, in many cases, had something on under the sheets.  With few exceptsion though, in the theaters, they did not.

We can play with these words all we want.  People can claim that they know the meaning, but nobody here is going to convince me that they have the "correct definition."  It is a phrase whose meaning has evolved with time.

It is meaningless.  All that matters is what you and the model agree to.  It doesn't matter what you call it.

DG at studio47 wrote:
Someone said," I'm not sure what I like, but I know it when I see it"--or something like that. That is the bottom line. communication can sometimes clarify definitions, but an image is worth a thousand threads-LOL

Which, in the end, I agree.  Just work it out with the model and don't sweat the definitions.

Mar 13 11 02:07 pm Link

Photographer

DG at studio47

Posts: 2365

East Ridge, Tennessee, US

bulls eye ei Total Productions. I am 54 and remember the movies and have seen the changes for movies and television and print. It IS really the determination between two people, or three, or a community, or a court. the old definitions are only a beginning. thanks!

edited.

Mar 13 11 02:16 pm Link

Photographer

Mark Harris Photography

Posts: 526

Metuchen, New Jersey, US

The Beauty Of Light wrote:
Best course of action is for the photographer to accept responsibility himself and make sure the shoot stays well within the model's known comfort zone.

I agree that the best bet is to discuss everything in advance. Sometimes an idea will come up during a session that has not been covered. I have found that making sure a model knows at the beginning of a shoot that I won't be offended if she says no to a concept, helps her do just that.

Someone else suggested sending examples of ideas. That is something else I regularly do.

Mar 13 11 06:25 pm Link

Model

Jules NYC

Posts: 21617

New York, New York, US

When you see a nipple or labia, period.

Why do models have nudes in their port but say they don't do them?
Loaded question, simple answer.

The nudes in their port are tasteful & they don't get the scumbag crowd looking to shoot porn spread eagle shots. 
*Spread Eagles are meant for jumping whilst skiing*

... and just sayin' nipples and labia are just parts of the body and aren't dirty, naughty or anything in my mind.

It's just the way you present them.

Some gals have inverted labia and all you see down there is a line so what's the big deal.  It's just skin, innie or outie, ha ha

Mar 13 11 06:30 pm Link

Photographer

Christopher Carter

Posts: 7777

Indianapolis, Indiana, US

The Beauty Of Light wrote:

Well you could take the easy way out, like many photographers do, and not shoot any nudity of any kind with models that specify 'implied' only.

Or you could establish what a model's true comfort zone is prior to a shoot. Bear in mind that sometimes a model will say she'll do a certain thing but you can tell she's not really comfortable with it.

I discuss all shoots and ideas before hand. Clearly. I also let models know that it is their call as to whether we do certain ideas during the shoot or not, as comfortability dictates. I also use photos to represent ideas, because I've found that having a photos of an idea is much better than just describing it, because people tend to overimagine everything they're told, but a picture is what it is, and is much clearer.

The Beauty Of Light wrote:
Nor do you care to know by the sound of it. Each to their own I guess. smile

But he has a point. I'm too busy doing photos to hold someone's hand, read their reactions and play escort AND photographer. If I'm expected to be adult enough to not harass, coerce, persuade, violate, molest, or otherwise discomfort a model, then asking someone to be adult enough to stand up for themselves and know their limits and be clear about them before AND DURING a shoot isn't out of the question.

Sometimes the light hits the model in such a way that all the sudden you blurt out an idea. And I have been on a few shoots where it was made VERY clear what the model would, wouldn't and/or wanted to do, and yet during the actual shoot they make no indication that they aren't in the mood anymore, and then just get mad that you kept trying to "push" them, even though they had agreed to it before. And this includes a model who in fact does nude.

I can't be expected to know when a model has changed her mind, if they don't explain that they have in fact changed their mind.

Mar 14 11 12:27 am Link

Photographer

Kent Art Photography

Posts: 3588

Ashford, England, United Kingdom

"Implied Nude" is where the model doesn't want to show parts of the body and is therefore always worried that something might show and is never relaxed.

"Nude" is where the model doesn't care what shows, and is perfectly relaxed.

Don't use a model who will only do implied nude.

Mar 14 11 12:37 am Link

Photographer

P R E S T O N

Posts: 2602

Birmingham, England, United Kingdom

Mnemosyne Photography wrote:
But he has a point.

If he or other photographers get labelled as level pushers, due to the circumstances I described, and are happy to convince themselves that it's all the model's fault because she failed to say 'no' then fine. Trouble is - whilst they might be able to justify it to themselves, in their own minds, it ain't going to change that label. I understand that some photographers won't be bothered by it, but like I said - each to their own.

You gotta bear in mind that 'implied nude' isn't a well defined term amongst models [or photographers]. In my view any photographer that works with 'implied' models should take extra care for their own protection. A photographer that intimates that he has no interest in knowing what an 'implied' model's comfort zone is, nor taking care to operate within it, must be pretty stupid no matter how busy or pre-occupied he is.

Mar 14 11 02:32 am Link

Photographer

Edward Chen

Posts: 1630

Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia

When is the line crossed?

all the time!

Nude vs implied nude = biggest headache.

two different concepts.

Hire models who are comfortably being nude in the process of taking photos. You control the outcome whether you want it full nude or implied. The freedom is yours.

Hire nude models who are comfortably being nude in the process of taking photos. You control the outcome whether you want it full nude or implied. The freedom is yours.

Mar 14 11 03:52 am Link

Photographer

Vanderplas

Posts: 1427

Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Matt D H wrote:
If panties and bra come off, by default it will be considered nude, unless such items are being used to cover the goodies then it automatically becomes a nude and it will not be implied anymore.

funny line................

so is this implied or not?

https://photos.modelmayhem.com/photos/110303/01/4d6f613998e56_m.jpg

Mar 14 11 04:04 am Link

Photographer

Jeff Goodwin

Posts: 112

Yardley, Pennsylvania, US

I just try to make sure the model and I share an understanding. I explained to one new model that the fine line was that in an implied shot, there might be nothing covered, but there was also nothing that showed. She replied saying that sounded like nude but for a technicality. I agreed that she understood the concept perfectly. smile

Mar 14 11 04:08 am Link

Photographer

Kent Art Photography

Posts: 3588

Ashford, England, United Kingdom

Crystal Perido wrote:

funny line................

so is this implied or not?

https://photos.modelmayhem.com/photos/110303/01/4d6f613998e56_m.jpg

That is a classic implied nude shot.

Mar 14 11 04:09 am Link

Photographer

Edward Chen

Posts: 1630

Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia

Jeff Goodwin wrote:
I just try to make sure the model and I share an understanding. I explained to one new model that the fine line was that in an implied shot, there might be nothing covered, but there was also nothing that showed. She replied saying that sounded like nude but for a technicality. I agreed that she understood the concept perfectly. smile

Unless I want to work with a particular model badly, it's completely waste of time (to explain).

Mar 14 11 04:14 am Link

Photographer

Vanderplas

Posts: 1427

Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Edward Chen wrote:
Hire models who are comfortably being nude in the process of taking photos. You control the outcome whether you want it full nude or implied. The freedom is yours.

No that is cheating on the model

as you said 2 totally different concepts

Mar 14 11 04:15 am Link

Photographer

Vanderplas

Posts: 1427

Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

RayH Photography wrote:
That is a classic implied nude shot.

https://photos.modelmayhem.com/photos/110303/01/4d6f613998e56_m.jpg

Matt D H wrote:
If panties and bra come off, by default it will be considered nude, unless such items are being used to cover the goodies then it automatically becomes a nude and it will not be implied anymore.

doesn't work really right?

Mar 14 11 04:18 am Link

Photographer

Edward Chen

Posts: 1630

Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia

Crystal Perido wrote:

No that is cheating on the model

as you said 2 totally different concepts

Revise my statement:

Hire nude models who are comfortably being nude in the process of taking photos. You control the outcome whether you want it full nude or implied. The freedom is yours.

Mar 14 11 04:19 am Link

Photographer

Dudley Watson

Posts: 1737

Roseburg, Oregon, US

wynnesome wrote:
There's just no hard and fast definition.  Ten people will tell you ten different things, and argue about it for pages to come in this thread.

All that matters is:
a) The limits agreed upon by a model and photographer for a particular shoot as to 'what shows' and how much is 'covered.'
b) The rules of any particular site, such as Model Mayhem, as to what content is allowed to be displayed in various site areas (portfolio, avatar, forums, etc).

This sums it up, quite beautifly!  Communication between model and photographer is critical!

Mar 14 11 04:28 am Link

Photographer

Art of the nude

Posts: 12067

Grand Rapids, Michigan, US

RayH Photography wrote:
"Implied Nude" is where the model doesn't want to show parts of the body and is therefore always worried that something might show and is never relaxed.

"Nude" is where the model doesn't care what shows, and is perfectly relaxed.

Don't use a model who will only do implied nude.

I've done "implied nude" with models who do are fine with nudes, at my request.  I've also done "implied nude" with models who aren't fine with nudes in the final image.  In general, I won't do implied nude with models who aren't comfortable with "nude on set."  There have been creative exceptions.  big_smile

Mar 14 11 04:35 am Link

Photographer

Dudley Watson

Posts: 1737

Roseburg, Oregon, US

Crystal Perido wrote:
No that is cheating on the model

as you said 2 totally different concepts

Edward Chen wrote:
Revise my statement:

Hire nude models who are comfortably being nude in the process of taking photos. You control the outcome whether you want it full nude or implied. The freedom is yours.

I believe you mean "freedom is yours." in that you have already communicated to the model what you want.  What is posted in the models or photographer's portfolio is another matter (subject) entirely.

Mar 14 11 04:36 am Link

Photographer

alessandro2009

Posts: 8109

Florence, Toscana, Italy

Naturally, the only thing that matter is the agreement with the model, and don't the definition, given that don't exist a standard.

Mar 14 11 12:42 pm Link

Photographer

Losers Incorporated

Posts: 120

Abbyville, Kansas, US

If that means I turn my back so they can reposition and recover their critical parts, then so be it.

Ugh.  No.  Never.  A million times never.  If a model is not comfortable enough with me and her own body for me to accidentally see a nipple or some labia, and is spending her whole time concerned about whether or not anything is showing, the shots are going to reflect that (unless she is a SUPER pro, but if she is, I can't imagine her being that concerned about me seeing her naughty bits).

As far as the "line"?  I make it quite clear in my early conversations with any model what I expect from an "implied" shoot.  Because I know that everybody has different definitions in their heads, assuming that you're on the same wavelength without actually, you know, discussing details of the shoot is a BAD idea.  There are plenty of models I've met on this site who list nude as a style that they'll shoot, but what they *really* mean is implied or covered nude.  That could lead to some serious awkwardness during the shoot.

Mar 14 11 01:05 pm Link

Photographer

Lumigraphics

Posts: 32780

Detroit, Michigan, US

The Beauty Of Light wrote:

If he or other photographers get labelled as level pushers, due to the circumstances I described, and are happy to convince themselves that it's all the model's fault because she failed to say 'no' then fine. Trouble is - whilst they might be able to justify it to themselves, in their own minds, it ain't going to change that label. I understand that some photographers won't be bothered by it, but like I said - each to their own.

You gotta bear in mind that 'implied nude' isn't a well defined term amongst models [or photographers]. In my view any photographer that works with 'implied' models should take extra care for their own protection. A photographer that intimates that he has no interest in knowing what an 'implied' model's comfort zone is, nor taking care to operate within it, must be pretty stupid no matter how busy or pre-occupied he is.

I'm not interested in being a white knight but you obviously are. You trumpet your "care" for models while treating them like stupid little bunnies who can’t make adult decisions. I find that amazingly disrespectful. I work with intelligent adult models who don't need me to think and speak for them.

Mar 14 11 05:40 pm Link

Photographer

Bare Expressions

Posts: 53

Wichita, Kansas, US

This is definitely an area where the "definition" is going to be how your model feels about it.  I have a couple photos in my port where the model is wearing only a loosely draped towel and nothing underneath.  She doesn't consider that nudity, but I have another where nipples show and that is of course nudity.

I think the best bet is going to be to ask the model you have in mind how she feels about it.

Mar 14 11 08:41 pm Link

Photographer

Cheshire Scott

Posts: 400

Exeter, New Hampshire, US

Implied is anyway such a stupid term. Who thought this up?

Mar 14 11 08:43 pm Link

Photographer

Kyle Burnell

Posts: 104

South Berwick, Maine, US

If there are nips or lips it's nude. That's how I see it smile

Mar 14 11 08:50 pm Link

Photographer

Kareem King

Posts: 149

Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, Mexico

There's no real line. Just ask about a model's stance on the issue even before shooting. It could mean a world of things.

Personally, if nudity is going to be a major obstacle, I rather not shoot it. The discomfort of potentially flashing the non-snapping camera can really show up in a model's facial expression. I rather have somebody clothed and confident than for a picture to portray any form of awkwardness.

Mar 15 11 01:14 am Link

Photographer

P R E S T O N

Posts: 2602

Birmingham, England, United Kingdom

Lumigraphics wrote:
I'm not interested in being a white knight but you obviously are. You trumpet your "care" for models while treating them like stupid little bunnies who can’t make adult decisions. I find that amazingly disrespectful. I work with intelligent adult models who don't need me to think and speak for them.

There's really no point you keep harping on about white knighting - it just makes you look more of a fool and desperate for any old cause to fight. Funnily enough you remind me of all those poorly done clichés that people churn out simply because they don't have enough imagination to come up with something insightful and interesting. smile

Mar 15 11 03:45 am Link

Photographer

Lumigraphics

Posts: 32780

Detroit, Michigan, US

The Beauty Of Light wrote:

There's really no point you keep harping on about white knighting - it just makes you look more of a fool and desperate for any old cause to fight. Funnily enough you remind me of all those poorly done clichés that people churn out simply because they don't have enough imagination to come up with something insightful and interesting. smile

I'm not sure what YOUR point is. You seem to think that models need to be protected and can't think for themselves. That's not a cliché, that's a crock of shit.

Mar 15 11 05:14 am Link

Photographer

E R N I E P E N A

Posts: 70

New York, New York, US

I usually clarify this with every model I work with, before the shoot happens. I will tell them that I don't care about classic definitions or modern day usage of the terms - nude, implied, partial nude, etc.

The only thing I need to know is: are they comfortable enough in their own skin that they can stand before me totally nude and model for me, regardless of how much is shown in the final photos.

Questions about exposure are easy to address from shot to shot, but only when the model has given up the "modesty death grip" and is willing to be both mentally and physically unencumbered.

As many other photographers will attest, models who are comfortable with nudity are often the easiest and best models to work with.

Mar 15 11 09:20 am Link